UP APO 2026: One-Liner Quick Revision Set-1

​(BNSS Sections 1-30 & Ancient History)

​Law Section: The BNSS (New Code)

1. ​BNSS Assent Date: President signed it on 25 Dec 2023 (A Christmas gift to the legal system!).
2. ​Enforcement Date: It came into action on 1 July 2024 (The 'Appointed Day').
3. ​Digital Trials (Sec 2(1)(a)): Defines "Audio-Video Electronic Means" to allow virtual evidence and trials.
4. ​Victim (Sec 2(1)(y)): Now includes Guardians & Legal Heirs (Earlier CrPC 2(wa)).
5. ​Metro Areas Deleted: The concept of Metropolitan Areas is gone; now we have uniform judicial regions.
6. ​JMFC Power (Sec 23): 1st Class Magistrate can now fine up to ₹50,000 (Up from ₹10k).
7. ​JMSC Power (Sec 23): 2nd Class Magistrate fine limit is now ₹10,000 (Up from ₹5k).
8. ​CJM Sentence: Chief Judicial Magistrate can give up to 7 years imprisonment.
9. ​Police Report (Sec 2(1)(r)): The report sent to a Magistrate after investigation (Charge Sheet).
10. ​Inquiry (Sec 2(1)(g)): Conducted by a Magistrate/Court, never by the Police.
11. ​Public Prosecutor (Sec 24): Appointed by the State/Central Govt for conducting cases in Court.
12. ​Establishment of Sessions Court (Sec 7): Established by the State Government.
13. ​Default of Fine (Sec 30): Imprisonment for not paying fine cannot exceed 1/4th of the Magistrate's max power.
14. ​Investigation (Sec 2(1)(l)): Process of collecting evidence, conducted by Police.
15. ​Cognizable Offense (Sec 2(1)(g)): Offenses where police can arrest without a warrant.

​General Studies: Ancient History

16. ​Lothal (Gujarat): Known for the world’s oldest Artificial Dockyard (Maritime trade hub).
17. ​Dholavira: Famous for its Water Harvesting System and 3-part town planning.
18. ​Kalibangan: The site that gave evidence of the earliest Ploughed Fields.
19. ​Sarnath (UP): Where Buddha gave his First Sermon (Dharma Chakra Pravartana).
20. ​Kushinagar (UP): The place of Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana (Death).
21. ​Varanasi (UP): Birthplace of Parshvanatha (23rd Jain Tirthankara).
22. ​Mohenjodaro: Site of the "Great Bath" and the Bronze Dancing Girl.
23. ​Rigveda: The Oldest Veda; its 3rd Mandala contains the Gayatri Mantra.
24. ​Battle of Ten Kings: Fought on the banks of River Parushni (Ravi).
25. ​Fourth Buddhist Council: Held in Kashmir under Kanishka’s reign.
26. ​Mundaka Upanishad: The source of our national motto "Satyameva Jayate".
27. ​Indus Valley Metal: They used Copper and Bronze but were unaware of Iron.
28. ​First Jain Council: Held at Pataliputra, presided over by Sthulabhadra.
29. ​Megasthenes: The Greek ambassador who wrote 'Indica' during Chandragupta Maurya's time.
30. ​Gayatri Mantra: Dedicated to the Solar deity Savitr.